How to Prevent Juvenile Crime?

When juvenile crime explodes in the community, many citizens may give up hope, thinking only in terms of their property loss of value. Some, given the possibility, may plan to leave the neighborhood in search for safer surroundings. That would be quite a pessimistic surrender.

Complaining to police and authorities for their lack of efficient prevention is missing the point. One should admit that there is a limit to what can be expected from them. There is however something else more effective to do if one happens to live in a youth crime stricken place.

One should in fact inquire what could the citizens themselves do to improve the quality of their life. Whatever the causes of juvenile delinquency that are responsible for the uncivilized behavior of those youth, it is not by repressive means alone that the problem is solved.

How to Prevent Juvenile Crime?

One should try instead to approach them with sympathy, looking at their difficulties and aspirations, offering them alternative and positive ways to look at their own life, preparing them through education to take responsibility on themselves.

It is certainly easier said than done. However, citizens engaging as a team in such an activity would gain valuable assets, through teaching to problematic youth and their peer groups the respect for the environment and for others' rights.

Among the gains one can remark:

Reduction of criminal conduct in the area, Rescue of marginal or mildly affected youngsters, Reinforcement of their constructive habits, Recovery of valuable individuals formerly lost to society.

Besides that, voluntary initiatives would also:

Strengthen ties among neighbors, Form a tightly knit community sharing common values, Provide social value through the education and recovery of drifting youth, Discover and develop special talents and dispositions among the young people.

If approached with proper attitude and sensitivity, youth converted to socially acceptable behavior can become partners in improving their peer hostile mood and in finding ways to win their cooperation.

Is it worthy to spend time and effort in this quite delicate job?

The grim alternative would be to lock every family in a fortress and condemn everyone to live in constant fearful loneliness.

However, if the voluntary citizens team can overcome the difficulties by exercising a pooled effort and by encouraging each other, their effort will be a most useful and valuable contribution to security and well being.

Larger associations will gladly extend their sponsorship to active group of people engaged in prevention of juvenile delinquency by improving the fit of estranged youth into society. Also police and educational authorities will give their help and counsel where needed.

The final outcome of continuing altruistic endeavor can well be a safer and more pleasurable place to live in and, why not, one with improving property appreciation.

If you consider the problems exposed here, you may have some clever thoughts to add, some instructive experience to share, or some touching cry to announce. You are invited to do just that, in the simplest way, by typing your words right in the form of the page reached when you click on the following link.

How to Prevent Juvenile Crime?
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Elia Levi is a retired engineer.
He built a website to assist with a step-by-step Home Surveillance Guide to understand, design, select and set up, all by yourself the best and least expensive Surveillance System for your Home Security.
Read more on the subject of this article at Juvenile Crime

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Domestic Violence - Crime and Unjust Punishment

Of all of the violent crimes in the world, domestic violence seems to be the one that is the least serious when it comes to punishment. Domestic violence victims are often hiding and not reporting crimes that are happening for fear of their lives and their own well being, or seem to be perfectly content to give up their lives to become homeless as a means of escaping this situation. Why are the offenders of this crime going free, when they should be serving mandatory prison sentences because of the heinous nature of the crime?

Women around the world are suffering because of this popular and under-punished crime. Children and young adults are raised in a society where this is simply an acceptable form of torture for many, because no one will take them very seriously in this matter. By not taking offenders more seriously, the public justice system has basically shown the world that it's okay to beat women, and that if you are a battered woman, you need to leave and start over somewhere else. Someone commits animal abuse and it lands them in jail for at least 6 to 12 months or more. If a man beats his wife, he's generally off the hook or at least out on probation in no time at all.

Prisons are overcrowded and room needs to be saved for the serious offenders. It is what people are told all the time. How serious does a situation have to be when a person is harming another human being to the point of severe injury and mental intimidation on a daily basis? Law enforcement will show up and do the same thing that they always do: give the offender a night in jail or two so that the victim can pack up her things and leave.

Domestic Violence - Crime and Unjust Punishment

Why does the victim have to be the one leaving? She didn't do anything wrong. Now, giving a woman this ultimatum further proves to them that it's okay for this to happen in the eyes of the law, but she's got to leave if she wants it to stop. No one should ever have to live like this and especially not someone who is being abused physically and mentally to the point where their life is turned upside down. Victims leave their homes to stay with friends and relatives, or end up on the streets, becoming another statistic in the sad world of domestic violence crimes. Many never receive the help that they need, which allows them to go on with their lives being battered from one relationship to the next because they simply expect it to be that way.

Many of these women who have otherwise wonderful lives are forced into a situation that offers them only two choices: stay and take it, or leave and give up everything that you've worked so hard for to become homeless. When children are involved, it becomes even more serious of a situation, because the children inherently become homeless, as well. It should not be families that are forced to give up their lives to run away and hide. It should be offenders that think that beating their victim is okay that are locked up in jail for a serious crime and equally serious punishment, and not released until they have been rehabilitated.

Put them into a special prison with other domestic violence offenders. If there isn't room in the current system, build them their own facility. Let them live with a bunch of other offenders and let them become victims, even if only for a minute. Support them with anger management and other classes that can help bolster their own self esteem so that they don't take out their issues on their spouses and/or children. It seems fair enough to at least hold them accountable for something.

Either way, victims need to get out of the situation that they are in. They deserve more justice and better support in their situation than just being separated from their batterer long enough to pack up their lives and leave. If the offense was taken seriously, and offenders were jailed for a REAL crime and a real sentence, victims might feel a little less like they just have to deal with it and do what it takes to make the best of it. When society and the current justice system teaches our young women and children that this is an acceptable situation and the only resolution is for them to leave, what are they really being taught? Without a change in the system, that's the message that's being sent, whether anyone will admit it or not. Do you really want the children of the world growing up to see the system failing battered victims and becoming victims themselves? The current system is teaching victims and offenders alike the same thing: if you've got a problem with violence and don't want to wind up facing serious jail time, beat your spouse, not your pets. If they don't like it, they'll leave.

Domestic Violence - Crime and Unjust Punishment
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Is this the message you want your children to learn? Domestic violence is NEVER acceptable, and the system needs to be changed to reflect that. Learn more now and get your voice heard at [http://www.DomesticViolenceAdvice.org].

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Crime and Its Impact on Society

Exactly what is crime? Simply put, crime is an act that violates the rights of a person, or persons, or their property. That's a rather simplified definition. The actual definition is much too long for this article. But crime is not only a violation of a person or persons; it can also be an act that could endanger the lives or safety of the public in general. An example of that type of crime could include the firing of a weapon inside the city limits. By discharging a firearm in a populated area, you endanger the lives of all who live within the range of that particular weapon. The bullet could ricochet and hurt an innocent bystander, or if fired into the air, it could come down and injure someone. By firing the weapon in a populated area, the person who fired it has demonstrated a wanton and reckless disregard for the safety of others.

Crime affects us all in one way or another. Because of that, society has enacted laws designed to protect every man, woman and child. For instance, the person who shoplifts from the local department store causes all of us to pay higher prices for the products or services we need. Let me explain. When people shoplift it costs the company they steal from money because they had to pay for that product and they got nothing for it. They just lost money. Now imagine four people a day shoplift products totaling . In seven days they lost 0. But what if that company has 100 stores nationwide and each store loses a day. That comes to 00 a day, ,000 a week. Multiply by 52 weeks a year and you get a whopping 8,000 lost every year. Now they have to implement security measures to control their losses. And it isn't cheap. They have to install cameras, hire security people to watch the cameras and walk the floor, insurance for those people not to mention the salaries for each of them. On top of all that there is the cost of prosecuting
all those shoplifters.

Many companies spend millions every year to prevent theft. The money lost from stolen products, money spent on security and wages for the security staff has to be made up somewhere. Guess who has to make up the shortage? You guessed it. You, the honest shopper, ends up having to pay higher prices for the products and services you want.

Crime and Its Impact on Society

But the price you pay for crime doesn't stop there. You don't get off that easy. Once the lawbreaker is prosecuted he/she has to be incarcerated. Housing, clothing and feeding criminals is expensive. In 2007 a local newspaper, The Sacramento Bee, reported that the average annual cost of housing prison inmates in the California prison system was ,287 per inmate. In 2008 TV station WHAS in Louisville, KY. reported that the average cost of housing an inmate in KY. was ,000. WHAS also reported that Kentucky has the fastest rising inmate population in the country, causing huge money problems for the people of Kentucky.

Crime costs all of us in higher prices for food, clothing, etc. and in taxes to pay for housing criminals once they are prosecuted.

Crime and Its Impact on Society
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For more information on crime, visit [http://policemicroblog.com] and [http://lawfirmmicroblog.com]

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Responsibilities of a Crime Scene Detective

Many officers in uniform yearn to be detectives until they actually get that promotion. Little do they realize that the hours are long, sleep is minimal, and the responsibility of an officer of his stature is tremendous. Normally, detectives must have at least three years of law enforcement experience before they can apply to become detective. In larger jurisdictions, they may be assigned to a specialized unit such as homicide, burglary, auto theft, vice, or white collar. In many smaller police agencies, they need to be proficient in whatever crime they are summoned to investigate.

Upon arrival at the crime scene, the responding uniformed officer explains the event to the detective. The better the officer did his job, the better the knowledge the detective will have of the crime scene and the events that occurred there.

Every detective is unique. Some are rough while some are smooth. All the well-rounded ones have the practical knowledge of a street patrolman, an insight on the forensic sciences, the knowledge of a prosecutor, and an ability to put together bits of information, such as people, events, and evidence, in space and time in order to come up with an investigative scenario of the crime that took place.

Responsibilities of a Crime Scene Detective

A detective ensures that all the duties of a patrolman have been completed at the scene. A good detective not only knows that the case is dependent on what the first responding officer did, but also remembers what it was like to be in the patrolman's shoes. It is essential that there must be a good rapport between patrolmen and detectives.

After being debriefed by the patrol officer, the detective performs the following duties:

Determines if a search warrant is needed to conduct a search. Interviews the victim or victims repeatedly. Determines the status of the alleged offender. Is the offender in custody? Is he a minor? Has the offender been read his rights? Determines if the witnesses are only witnesses or are heavily involved in the commission of the criminal act. Reports the early status of the investigation to his superiors, uniformed officers, other detectives, and staff members. Determines if other law enforcement agencies should be contacted. Maintains control over the flow of information. Develops hypotheses regarding the incident based on evidence.

The more serious and complex the crime scene, the more time is required to gather and document evidence. In the case of a murder scene, the detective has the choice not to gather or touch the evidence but leaves this up to highly-trained crime scene personnel to process the scene.

No doubt the job responsibility of a police detective is overwhelming.

Responsibilities of a Crime Scene Detective
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Entrepreneurial Development in Nigeria

While these statistics bide well for the country's economic prospects, they also serve to reaffirm the vital importance of entrepreneurial development in achieving that potential.

Past Entrepreneurship Developments

People of the Ibo community in Nigeria are considered one of the oldest entrepreneurs in history, their expertise stretching back to times before modern currency and trade models had developed elsewhere on the planet. In the more recent past, Nigerians adapted their natural talents to evolve traditional businesses and crafts that have sustained most of the country's rural and urban poor for the better part of the last half century. While the oil boom of the '70s brought in billions of petrodollars, most of the country's population remained untouched by the new-found prosperity, thanks to widespread political corruption and catastrophic economic mismanagement. Because of these and other factors, the World Bank estimates that 80% of oil revenues benefited just 1% of the population.

Entrepreneurial Development in Nigeria

Most of Nigeria's current woes trace back to a historic overdependence on oil to the negligence of all other sectors, including customary trades and agriculture. Decades of non-inclusive policies alienated the vast majority of Nigerians, plunging the country into a miasma of extreme poverty and ravaging civil and political strife. The climate of economic stagnation spawned a mammoth informal economy that continues to sustain the bulk of Nigeria's 148 million people. It is a measure of Nigeria's inherent entrepreneurial capacity that this informal, unorganised sector presently accounts for 65% of Gross National Product and accounts for 90% of all new jobs.

All these factors have tremendous relevance for Nigeria's future prospects, even more so considering the extent of official neglect and lack of assistance and infrastructure that the country's indigenous entrepreneurs have had to overcome. Harnessing the informal economy and leveraging its full potential is a prerequisite for Nigeria to emerge from the shackles of its Third World legacy.

The Future of Entrepreneurial Development in Nigeria

It is not as if Nigeria's hopes of economic superiority rest on individual optimism and enterprise alone. Right after the reinstatement of democracy in 1999, the government of former president O Obsanjo unveiled ambitious plans to take the sub-Saharan nation to the top 20 world economies by 2020. Abuja is also a signatory to the UN Millennial Declaration of 2000 for the achievement of universal basic human rights - relating to health, education, shelter and security - in a time bound manner by 2015. Both objectives present mammoth challenges for Nigeria in terms of reversing past trends and evolving innovative strategy for sustainable and inclusive growth.

The primary focus of Obasanjo's policies centred on accelerated development through entrepreneurial education (which he made mandatory for college students of all disciplines) and the creation of conditions favourable to a new business regime built on innovation and adaptability. The federal government has since initiated successive programmes aimed at promoting enterprises through widespread use of technology and socially relevant business models. The extent of success of these and other measures, however, is still a matter of debate.

According to the 2007 Gallup poll, 69% of respondents planning new businesses had no intention of registering their operations, indicating they would still prefer to be part of the informal economy. In light of Nigeria's long-term goals, this is certainly bad news.

Obstacles to Enterprise Development

Disinterest in the formal economy reflects the status of Nigeria's policies and tax regime, which have long been deemed detrimental to the growth of viable enterprises. Even more disturbing is the fact that this continues to be the case despite the energetic reforms process initiated after the return of democracy. It is more than evident that piecemeal measures are unequal to meeting the challenges that Nigeria has set itself up to.

The following are the most important obstacles facing rapid entrepreneurial development:

o Absence of a pro-active regulatory environment that encourages innovative enterprise development at the grassroots level.
o Significant infrastructural deficits (especially with regards to roads and electricity) and systemic irregularities inimical to small businesses.
o The presence of administrative and trade barriers that curtail capacity building and inhibit access to technical support.
o Absence of regulatory mechanisms for effective oversight of enterprise development initiatives, especially those in the MSME space.
o Poor access to vocational and skills-development training for rural and urban youths involved in the informal economy.
o Rampant political and bureaucratic corruption, together with the absence of social consensus on important macroeconomic policy issues.

More than 73% of Nigerians featuring in the Gallup survey conceded access to finance was the single-most important hurdle in the way to setting up successful enterprises. More telling is the fact that about 60% of respondents claimed that current policies, despite the government's focus on enterprise development, do not make it easy to start a business in Nigeria.

Some Additional Factors to Consider

Forbes Magazine recently sat down with Lagos Business School's Peter Bamkole to discuss the current obstacles facing aspiring Nigerian entrepreneurs. The interview outlines three major problems:

* Constrained access to local and international markets that stunt entrepreneurial expansion and proliferation.
* Severe infrastructure deficits (mainly of power and electricity) that hamstring both new and existing businesses.
* Inadequate access to finance and the absence of a credit policy that addresses the specific needs of enterprises.

The road to Nigeria's emergence as an economic superpower is muddy and treacherous. More than just optimism, it calls for clever economic manoeuvring that will help turn the country's fortunes around for good.

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Peter Osalor is a multi-skilled director, chairman of trusts, proprietor and consultant. Peter Osalor has been a successful entrepreneur since 1992 when he formed Peter Osalor & Co and which has since grown to a very large client base with a turnover of millions. He is currently a fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Nigeria (ICAN). Peter is also a member of the Chartered Tax Advisors and the Chartered Institute of Taxation in Nigeria (CITN).

He is a business mentor for Princess Trust in the UK. He is a member of the Inter Governmental Committee of ICAN and also a member of BCBC, which represents Black Church Membership of Christians whose responsibility is to ensure that the Christian businesses are not left out in the business opportunities arising from the 2012 Olympic Games In London.

Currently he is one of the professionals behind the Entrepreneur Revolution and Africa Entrepreneurs ([http://theafricanentrepreneurs.com/]). His TV program called success in your business (http://www.successinyourbusiness.com) has become a massive hit in Nigeria.

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7 Leading Causes of Stress

In 1967, Thomas H. Holmes and Richard H. Rahe, from the University of Washington, did a study on the connection between significant life events and illness. As part of that study, they compiled a chart of the major causes of stress. That chart, which contained 43 causes of stress in 1967, was updated to 55 causes in 2006. Apparently, society is finding more causes to feel stressed.

If you knew the leading causes of stress in your life, would you take action to eradicate them? Can you eradicate stress - or is it an inoperable condition that will be with you all of your life, possibly causing your eventual death?

Which Is Your Leading Cause of Stress?

7 Leading Causes of Stress

1. Finances

Most studies agree that finances are a leading cause of stress. In an online poll conducted in 2005 by LifeCare, Inc., 23 percent of respondents named finances as the leading cause of stress in their lives. Financial stress has led the list in many modern polls.

Some who name finances as the leading cause of stress cite major purchases they have to make, such as a home or car. Others are stressed by a loss of income, or mounting credit card debt. For some, financial stress will eventuate in bankruptcy. While college students stress over paying for an education, Baby Boomers and older senior citizens find that retirement income can be a major cause of stress.

2. Work

Closely tied to finances as a cause of stress is work. Our jobs or careers seem to cause constant stress. In the LifeCare poll, 21 percent of those responding listed this as the leading cause of stress in life.

How is the workplace a cause of stress? We worry about getting and keeping adequate employment. We worry about new types of work or new responsibilities. We struggle to climb a career ladder, overwhelmed by the demands. Work conditions may change, or we may have interpersonal trouble at work. Students, especially teenagers and college age students, cite school work as a cause of stress. Sometimes, work stress is brought on by others. Sometimes, we bring it on ourselves.

3. Family

Family, wonderful though each member may be, is also a leading cause of stress. Arguments erupt with a spouse or other family member. Parents divorce. Children marry. The ebb and flow of family life is filled with stress. A child moves out - an aging parent moves in.

Family health is also a leading cause of stress. A sick family member, a serious injury, pregnancy, miscarriage, or abortion all cause stress. Family changes of other kinds bring stress, too. Adoption, relocation, and job changes for just one family member can cause stress for all.

4. Personal Concerns

Personal concerns that are only indirectly created by others are another top cause of stress. Lack of control tops the list of personal concerns. Every human has a deep-seated desire for control over his or her own life. When control is weak or missing in a given area, we experience stress. To many people, a lack of control over their own time is a leading cause of stress. We want to determine when we do tasks around the home, or at work. Holding a job, participating in the children's carpool to school, driving family to soccer practices, shopping, and scout meetings while trying to keep the household running can create major stress. You would like to control your time, rather than let others' demands control it, but that is not always possible.

We may be involved in legal proceedings that cause stress. We may be wrestling with a bad habit. We may be going through changes. Personal change of any kind can be a cause of stress.

5. Personal Health and Safety

Most people find that personal health is a leading cause of stress. For some, the stress is linked to obesity, and a desire to lose weight. For others, the stress is a personal bas habit that affects health and must be changed. For example, smoking, abuse of alcohol or other drugs. Illness or injury, whether less or more serious, can be a leading cause of stress for many people. Incontinence can be an ongoing concern. Personal health is more or less stressful according to the degree of seriousness and our personal outlook on health.

Personal safety is also a leading cause of stress. Women, more than men, tend to stress about their own and others' safety. Adults tend to stress more than young people, who may act invincible. Crime is a factor, as is

6. Personal Relationships

Whether it is a friendship, dating, separation, marriage, divorce, or re-marriage, a relationship can be a leading cause of stress for many. We all want love, and that is potentially available in relationships, but getting from A to B can be very stressful. Some resort to online relationships that are easier to handle. Others withdraw and become recluses. Either way, the demands on time, finances, and emotions can cause ongoing stress.

7. Death

Probably the most wrenching cause of stress is the death of a loved one or close friend. Even the death of a pet can be stressful. Children are always a source of stress for parents, but when a child dies, the stress is overwhelming. The same is true when a lifetime spouse passes on.

Win or Lose

Causes of stress change as we age. The stressed child who threw tantrums becomes a young student, stressed by the school bully. The young student becomes a teenager, stressed by acne, hormones, and dating. The teenager becomes a young adult trying to handle the stresses of leaving home, adjusting to college life, and managing finances. Life progresses to first jobs, marriage, children, and so on. Even if you move to a secluded cabin in the woods, stress will follow you.

Gaining knowledge of the leading causes of stress is important. Using that knowledge to win over unhealthy stress is vital.

7 Leading Causes of Stress
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©2007, Anna Hart. Anna brings to her writing her professional training and expertise as an educator. When she writes at http://www.stressmanagementblog.com about a leading cause of stress, she does so from well-conducted research. Anna invites you to read more on her blog about the causes of family stress.

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